Part of the Alleghany Highlands Blueway, the Cowpasture River is an 84.4 mile long tributary of the James River, recognized as one of the state’s cleanest and most pristine waterways. Originating in Highland County and flowing through Bath and Alleghany Counties, it is popular for fishing, paddling, and scenic views.  The river flows through valley and ridge topography of shale, limestone, and sandstone. Because of the limestone there are a great number of sinkholes and caves. During extended dry periods the upper courses of the river will entirely dry up and only flow beneath the river bed through the limestone caves.

Native Americans named the river Walatoola, which means “winding waters”, describing the great bends in the river. However, when British settlers arrived in the 1720s they named it the Cowpasture River. Because the river is bordered by George Washington National Forest, Highland Wildlife Management Area, and several Wilderness Areas, there is an abundance of wildlife. There are many bald eagles which nest along the river, and there are also river otters, which have been reintroduced. With the abundance of wildlife there are also many hunt camps along the river.

The Cowpasture River may well be Virginia’s cleanest river and its crystal clear, cool waters have soothed the souls of residents and visitors alike for centuries.  A favorite place for families, campers, and hikers to explore, fisherfolk to angle, and paddlers to float, the river has inspired many people to support the Cowpasture River Preservation Association in their ongoing efforts to maintain its pristine character and health for generations to come.